Biomedical Research

The use of endoseus implants is frequently limited by insufficient bone in the reception area as a result of trauma, tooth loss, poor surgical technique or periodontal disease. Several methods have been described to solve problems related to bone atrophy: regeneration with bone grafts, Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) and Osteogenic Distraction (OD). OD is a technique that induces the formation of hard and soft tissue through a progressive elongation of a gap created by osteotomy. The periosteum plays an active role in osteogenic distraction. Therefore, it is possible to produce the formation of new bone through Osteogenetic Periosteal Distraction (OPD) without having to perform an osteotomy. The goal of this revision is to clarify the matter, revising the used devices, techniques and comparing the results. The bibliographic revision of OPD was performed by searching on PUBMED and SCOPUS for the articles published until December 2013. We included a total of 17 articles that complied with the requirements. Several experimental studies in animals have shown the formation of bone by OPD, however, there is not a clear protocol to develop the intervention due to the diversity of devices, animal models, anatomical regions or variables in the surgical technique in regards to latency periods, activation frequency and consolidation periods. OPD is efficient for the creation of new bone between the remnant bone and the periosteal tissue, although the amount of variables do not allow for the establishment of a predictable result.

Author(s): Mario Perez-Sayans Garcia, Jose Manuel Martinez Martin, Mercedes Gallas Torreira, Maria del Mar Mata Martinez, Abel Garcia-Garcia
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