Biomedical Research

The This study assessed the hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolaemic effects of coffee fruit extracts and their active compounds involved in cholesterol and glucose uptake, as well as the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, the physiochemical changes of cholesterol micelles, and the uptake of glucose and cholesterol in Caco-2 cells. The results revealed that coffee green dry (CGD) coffee yellow dry (CYD), and coffee red bean dry (CRBD) extracts inhibited α-amylase activity by approximately 49% whereas caffeine and caffeic acid, showed high potency to inhibit α-amylase activity by 94.49% and 93.35%, respectively. In addition, coffee red pulps dry (CRPD) and citric acid inhibited αglucosidase by 29% and 46%, respectively. The extracts (1 mg/mL) and their active compounds (200 µM) inhibited glucose uptake in Caco-2 cells. All coffee fruit extracts inhibited cholesterol uptake in Caco-2 cells by approximately 40%, and they decreased the micellar solubility of cholesterol, except for coffee red fresh (CRF) and coffee red dry (CRD). Moreover, CYD strongly increased the size of cholesterol micelles. These findings demonstrate the potential effect of coffee extracts on anti-diabetic activity and their cholesterol-lowering activity according to the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase and the uptake of glucose and cholesterol in Caco-2 cells.

Author(s): Acharaporn Duangjai, Pattadon Pontip, Sutidaporn Sumhem, Wutthichai Kaweekul, Maleeruk Utsintong, Atcharaporn Ontawong, Kanittaporn Trisat, Surasak SaoKaew
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